Convert numbers between binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal bases
Base conversion uses positional notation -- each digit's value depends on its position and the base. To convert, the number is first interpreted in its source base as a decimal value, then expressed in the target base through repeated division and remainder extraction.
Number base conversion is essential in programming and computer science. Computers operate in binary (base 2), while developers often use hexadecimal (base 16) for memory addresses and color codes, and octal (base 8) for file permissions.
Each output shows the same quantity represented in a different base. Binary uses only 0 and 1, octal uses 0-7, decimal uses 0-9, and hexadecimal uses 0-9 plus A-F. All representations are mathematically equivalent.
Group binary digits in sets of 3 for quick octal conversion, or sets of 4 for hexadecimal. Remember that hex colors like #FF0000 are just three hex pairs for red, green, and blue channels. Practice with small numbers first to build intuition.